💡Nacas可以用于实现Spring Cloud Gateway中网关动态路由功能,也可以基于Nacos来实现对后端服务的负载均衡,前者利用Nacos配置中心功能,后者利用Nacos服务注册功能。
接下来我们来看下Gateway集成Nacos实现负载均衡的架构图
一. 环境准备
1. 版本环境
Jdk: <java.version>1.8</java.version>
SpringBoot: <version>2.4.2</version>
SpringCloud: <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
SpringCloudAlibaba: <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
2. 服务环境
spring-cloud-user-center : 独立用户服务(2个)
spring-cloud-gateway: 独立的网关服务
二. 实战
创建用户服务
为了演示请求负载,将spring-cloud-user-center部署两份分别开放8005和8006端口
引入相关依赖
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency>
yml配置
server:port: 8085spring:application:name: spring-cloud-user-centercloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848ip: 127.0.0.1
management:endpoints:web:exposure:include: "*"
编写测试类
测试类1
/*** @author gf* @date 2023/2/14*/
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class UserController {@RequestMapping("/user")public String user(){log.info("hello Mr gateway,this is user server");return "hello Mr gateway,this is user server";}
}
重复以上1,2步骤重新创建一个服务,记得将配置文件中的端口号区分一下,然后
spring.application.name不变,依旧是spring-cloud-user-center。
测试类2
我们这里为了演示方便只是将之前的订单服务改造了一下,可以参考以下链接
SpringBoot整合Gateway+Nacos
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {@RequestMapping("/user")public String getOrder(){log.info("hello Mr gateway,this is order server");return "hello Mr gateway,this is order server";}
}
启动类
由于我们要将服务注册倒注册中心,所以我们在以内nacos依赖后要在启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudUserCenterApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudUserCenterApplication.class, args);}}
2.创建网关服务
引入相关依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.4.2</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.scg</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-nacos</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>spring-cloud-gateway</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version></properties><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring.cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId></dependency><!--得不加上这个配置,不然会报503--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>
配置yml文件
server:port: 8082
spring:application:name: gateway_servercloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848gateway:discovery:locator:#开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能,利用微服务名进行路由enabled: true#开启小写验证,默认feign根据服务名查找都是用的全大写lowerCaseServiceId: trueroutes:- id: spring-cloud-user-centeruri: lb://spring-cloud-user-center# 断言,路径相匹配的进行路由predicates:- Path=/user-center/**filters:- StripPrefix=1
management:endpoints:web:exposure:include: "*"
测试
nacos可视化界面请参考:SpringCloud Alibaba 之 Nacos注册中心实战
同时启动三台服务,我们可以看到这三者服役已经注册到了nacos注册中心中
按照我们的配置,访问http://localhost:8082/user-center/user,查看接口访问情况
可以看到,调用了两次,两次请求的服务不同