cobbler部署
#先关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
//cobbler服务，selinux必须得是disabled状态，所以要重启
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# reboot#配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#配置epel源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*#安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
cobbler 3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler 3.3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server[root@localhost ~]# yum -y module enable cobbler:3
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon#设置服务开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd#修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.111.139/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml#修改tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.111.139/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml#生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'cobbler123'
$1$19347$.N/4En3JI0k2gUp8mvULQ/#将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$19347$.N/4En3JI0k2gUp8mvULQ/" //修改为刚生成的加密的密码#将cobbler的dhcp功能打开
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'manage_dhcp:' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true#重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd#通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use themRestart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.#问题1解决办法：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0#问题2和问题三的解决办法：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils#问题4和问题5可以忽略，
因为是debian系统才需要解决，显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents#配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template23 subnet 192.168.111.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {24 option routers 192.168.111.255;25 option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;26 option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;27 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.111.100 192.168.111.110;28 default-lease-time 21600;29 max-lease-time 43200;30 next-server $next_server;#同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-24_163754_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Sep 24 16:37:54 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.servicerunning shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
管理distro
#挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.#导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=test arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-24_164154_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Sep 24 16:41:54 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test:
creating new distro: test-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test -> /var/www/cobbler/links/test-x86_64
creating new profile: test-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test for test-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***#查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:test-x86_64profiles:test-x86_64systems:repos:images:mgmtclasses:packages:files:#查看详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name test-x86_64
Name : test-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/test-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}#创建kickstarts自动安装脚本（文件以.ks结尾，勿tab）
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name test-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/test.ks
#对脚本进行修改
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/test.ks
..........................
firewall --disable //关闭防火墙
.........................
%packages
@^minimal-environment //设置为最小化#查看一下
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/templates/test.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disable
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.111.139/cblr/links/test-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.111.139/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.111.139/cobbler/distro_mirror/test/BaseOS# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # Reboot after installation
reboot#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$19347$.N/4En3JI0k2gUp8mvULQ/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; dosleep 10if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; thencp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/logger "Copied %pre section log to system"breakfi
done &# Enable installation monitoring%end%packages
@^minimal-environment%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1%end%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.111.139/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/test-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo# End yum configuration# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.111.139" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.111.139" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration# Enable post-install boot notification# Start final stepscurl "http://192.168.111.139/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/test-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end#如果是真实环境，那么部署就已经完成，如果是虚拟机就还需执行以下步骤
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py migrate-settings.sh mkgrub.sh settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ll
total 72
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 79 Sep 24 16:57 grub
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 31 Sep 24 16:57 ldlinux.c32 -> /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26272 Sep 24 16:31 menu.c32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42376 Sep 24 16:31 pxelinux.0#进行同步
[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler sync#重启服务
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd
进行测试
准备一台虚拟机，不给予镜像（默认会寻找网络镜像）
进来后就发现可以自动获取ip选择我们刚才上传的镜像
正在安装
安装完成
带web界面的自动安装
