GET请求
Jquery代码(调用视图发送邮箱验证码)
$(document).ready(function() {// 获取发送验证码的按钮var btn = $('#send_code');// 设置按钮为禁用状态btn.prop('disabled', true);// 监听邮箱输入框的变化$('#email').on('input', function() {// 启用按钮btn.prop('disabled', false);});// 点击发送验证码的按钮btn.click(function() {// 获取用户输入的邮箱var email = $('#email').val();// 发送ajax请求,向邮箱发送验证码$.ajax({url: "/user/send_code/", // 根据您的实际情况修改为后端接口地址data: {'email': email},type: 'GET',dataType: 'json',success: function(data) {if (data.status === 'success') {// 发送成功,显示提示信息,禁用按钮,倒计时btn.text('发送成功');btn.prop('disabled', true);var seconds = 60;var timer = setInterval(function() {seconds -= 1;btn.text(seconds + '秒后可重新发送');if (seconds === 0) {// 倒计时结束,启用按钮,重置文本btn.prop('disabled', false);btn.text('发送验证码');clearInterval(timer);}}, 1000);} else {// 发送失败,显示提示信息btn.text('发送失败,请重试');}}});// 阻止按钮的默认行为return false;});
});
python代码(视图函数,用于产生随机验证码)
def send_code(request):# 用于创建验证码对象res = {'status': 'success', 'info': 'ok'}email = request.GET['email']code = ''for i in range(6):n = random.randint(0, 9)b = chr(random.randint(65, 90))s = chr(random.randint(97, 122))code += str(random.choice([n, b, s]))mail.send_mail("验证码", code, sender, recipient_list=[email])checkcode.objects.create(email=email, code=code, create_time=time.time())return JosnResponse(res)
POST请求
Jquery代码(发送数据验证请求并跳转)
$('#submit').on('click', function() {const username = $('#username').val();const password = $('#password').val();const code = $('#code').val();const career = $('#careers').val();const email = $('#email').val();$.ajax({url: '/user/register/', // 根据您的实际情况修改为后端接口地址type: 'POST',data: JSON.stringify({ username, password, email, career, code }),contentType: 'application/json',success: function(data) {console.log(data); // 在控制台打印出data的内容if (data.status == 'error') {alert(data.message); // Display error message} else {alert('User registered successfully'); // Show success messagewindow.location.href = '/index'; // Redirect to another page}},error: function(xhr, status, error) {console.error('Error during registration:', error);}});return false;
});
python代码(数据校验,数据库存储)
def register(request):if request.method == 'GET':return render(request, 'login/register.html')elif request.method == 'POST':data = json.loads(request.body)email = data.get('email')username = data.get('username')code = data.get('code')password = data.get('password')career = data.get('career')res = {'status': 'error', 'message': ''}# 校验用户是否存在try: # 排除并发写入时引发的索引重复,相同的uesrname插入old_users = User.objects.filter(email=email)except Exception as e:res['message'] = '用户已存在'return JsonResponse(res)if old_users:res['message'] = '用户已存在'return JsonResponse(res)# 校验验证码是否过期codes = checkcode.objects.filter(email=email, is_active=True)if not codes:res['message'] = '验证码未发送或失效'return JsonResponse(res)sign = Falsefor real in codes:real.is_active = Falsereal.save()oldtime = float(real.create_time)if (time.time() - oldtime) <= 300 and code == real.code:sign = Trueif not sign:res['message'] = '未获取到有效验证码或验证码错误'return JsonResponse(res)l1 = len(username)if l1 > 10:res['message'] = '用户名长度不合法'return JsonResponse(res)# 对密码进行哈希存储pwd = hashlib.md5()pwd.update(password.encode())pwd_new = pwd.hexdigest()User.objects.create(username=username, email=email, password=pwd_new, career=career)request.session['username'] = usernamerequest.session['email'] = emailres['status'] = 'success'res['message'] = '注册成功'return JsonResponse(res)
小结
对于这种有可能需要停留在原页面,保持原有状态的,前端一律采用Jquery能省很多事
因为常规的视图函数返回结果是HttpResponse或者HttpRedirectResponse
这种响应结果会直接渲染在html页面上,不符合我们的业务逻辑
视图函数中定义字典,字典类型可以在不报错的情况下转为JsonResponse
而在前端中拿到的响应结果必须是json数据(否则无法进行对data属性的调用),
换言之后端返回的响应体必须是JsonResponse,仅仅用json.dumps(res)还是不够,前端仍然无法调到正确响应结果
对于django中的路由
个人觉得,只要不影响的情况下,想省事一点,对于有访问不到的路由(末尾有无斜杠会导致各种错误的),可以把有斜杠和没有斜杠都写着,那样是最保险的写法,因为完全不需要django帮我们补全末尾斜杠(如果是django帮我们补全的话,访问的时候相当于重定向,如果此时还是post请求,那么会造成数据的丢失)所以在路由这块最好把两种形式都写上