python 在window对exe、注册表、bat、系统服务操作等实例讲解

前言：

1、python准备工作

具体操作实例

实例1：调用exe文件

实例2：调用bat批处理文件

实例3：调用mis安装文件

实例4：操作注册表

实例5： window系统服务的操作

完整代码

前言：

正在做的项目已经在中后期，需要一些工具链来节省开发，用python脚本实现自动化工具。以一个我写的python脚本为例，供大家参考。接着要讲的python包含如下内容：调用exe运行程序、调用mis安装文件、和批处理文件，创建、开启、关闭window服务、设置系统变量等。这里就以我做的几个为例，安装Java jdk、redis等作为实例来讲解，以供大家参考。

1、python准备工作

下载python版本，下载页面：Python Releases for Windows | Python.org，具体怎么安装，请在网上搜索即可，安装python不是本文需要讲的重点。

选定一个编辑器，当然你可以也不选择，用普通文本编辑或其他编辑器都可以，但是我喜欢用编辑器编辑python代码。我选定的ide是 Pycharm社区版本。

下载python社区版本

Download PyCharm: Python IDE for Professional Developers by JetBrains

具体操作实例

实例1：调用exe文件

调用exe可执行文件，需要引用subprocess库文件

import subprocess

python函数执行代码如下：

def runExe(path):try:process = subprocess.Popen([path])# 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值stdout, stderr = process.communicate()# 判断程序是否正常结束if process.returncode == 0:print(f'运行' + path + '成功')return process.returncodeelse:return process.returncodeexcept Exception as e:print(f'安装'+ path+'异常：'+str(e))return -1

在这里我们用到subprocess库运行exe文件；process.communicate()等待窗关闭，并执行接下来的代码

实例2：调用bat批处理文件

直接运行install_Redis.bat批处理文件

# 安装redis
def install_redis(curr_path):print('开始安装_redis')redis_path = curr_path + '\install\Redis-x64-5.0.14.1\install_Redis.bat'print('redis_path 路径' + redis_path)runBat('redis',redis_path)

这里把调用bat文件直接封装成一个函数,同样需要用到subprocess库，不过等待返回结果是：process.check_returncode()

# 运行批处理，name，定义批处理的名称，批处理curr_path实际的完整路径
def runBat(name, curr_path):print(name + ' 路径' + curr_path)try:process = subprocess.run([curr_path])# 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值process.check_returncode()print(process.stdout)# 判断程序是否正常结束if process.returncode == 0:print(f'运行完' + name)else:print(f'程序执行失败，返回值为 {process.returncode}')except Exception as e:print(f'运行bat文件%s,发生异常 %s' % (curr_path, str(e)))

实例3：调用mis安装文件

调用mis文件与调用exe文件他们同样需要使用subprocess库，但是有些许的不同，主要表现在subprocess.Popen的参数上和返回值上，具体看如下代码：

# 安装mongodb
def install_mongodb(curr_path):print(f'开始安装_mongodb')mongdb_path = curr_path + r'\install\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2012plus-4.2.17-signed.msi'print(f'mongdb_path 路径' + mongdb_path)try:process = subprocess.Popen(['msiexec', '/i', mongdb_path])# 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值while True:if process.poll() is not None:print(mongdb_path + ' 文件执行完毕')break;except Exception as e:print(f'安装mongodb 失败 %s ' % str(e))

这里subprocess.Popen用到参数数组['msiexec', '/i', mongdb_path]

实例4：操作注册表

操作注册表我们需要引用的库为winreg

import winreg

实例代码如下：

# 设置注册表信息
def setWinregKey(regKey, path):print(f'创建 {regKey} 环境变量')# 打开注册表key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, 'Environment', 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)# 添加环境变量winreg.SetValueEx(key, regKey, 0, winreg.REG_SZ, path)winreg.FlushKey(key)winreg.CloseKey(key)

实例5： window系统服务的操作

对于window服务，同样我们需要用到subprocess库，以我自己注册zookeeper服务为例

# 安装 zookeeper，并启动zookeeper服务
def install_zookeeper(curr_path):print(f'创建zookeeper环境变量')setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_HOME', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin')setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_SERVICE', 'zookeeper_service')try:if service_exists('zookeeper_service'):cmdRun(['net', 'stop', 'zookeeper_service'])cmdRun(['sc', 'delete', 'zookeeper_service'])runBat('zookeeper', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper' + r'\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin\bin\Install.bat')cmdRun(['net', "start", 'zookeeper_service'])except Exception as e:print(u'%s' % (str(e)))

该函数功能是：判断zookeeper服务是否存在，如果存在，关闭并删除，并启动bat文件注册zookeeper服务，并启动zookeeper服务

自己定义的函数：

运行cmd单条命令函数processRun：

# 执行cmd命令，如：开启服务 window服务net start zookeeper_service
def cmdRun(args):try:ret = subprocess.run(args, check=True)# ret.returncode 返回int类型，0 则执行成功ret.check_returncode()print('ret.returncode: %d' % ret.returncode)print('ret.stdout: %s' % ret.stdout)except Exception as e:print(f'运行命令 %s 发生异常' % (str(e)))

判断服务是否存在函数:

通过sc query [service_name]命令查询服务器是否存在

# 判断服务是否存在
def service_exists(service_name):try:subprocess.check_output(['sc', 'query', service_name])return Trueexcept subprocess.CalledProcessError:return False

完整代码

最后这里给出完整代码供大家作个简单的参考，可能有些遗漏或有瑕疵的地方，这里主要是抛砖引玉。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This is a sample Python script.# Press Shift+F10 to execute it or replace it with your code.
# Press Double Shift to search everywhere for classes, files, tool windows, actions, and settings.
# encoding=utf-8
import os
import subprocess
import winreg# See PyCharm help at https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/# 获得当前路径
def getCurrentDir():file_path = os.path.abspath(__file__)dir_path = os.path.dirname(file_path)return dir_pathdef installServer(name):# Use a breakpoint in the code line below to debug your script.print(f'Hi, {name}')  # Press Ctrl+F8 to toggle the breakpoint.curr_path = getCurrentDir()print(getCurrentDir())# install_java_sdk(curr_path)# install_redis(curr_path)# install_mongodb(curr_path)install_zookeeper(curr_path)# install_idea(curr_path)def install_java_sdk(curr_path):print(f'开始安装java sdk')jdk = curr_path + r'\install\jdk-11.0.11_windows-x64_bin.exe'print(f'jdk 路径' + jdk)try:returnCode = runExe(jdk)# 判断程序是否正常结束if returnCode == 0:print(f'创建java sdk环境变量')# 打开注册表key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, 'Environment', 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)# 添加环境变量winreg.SetValueEx(key, 'JAVA_HOME', 0, winreg.REG_SZ, 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.11')# 关闭注册表winreg.CloseKey(key)else:print(f'程序执行失败，返回值为')except Exception as e:print('安装java sdk 异常 %s 结束安装' % str(e))# 安装mongodb
def install_mongodb(curr_path):print(f'开始安装_mongodb')mongdb_path = curr_path + r'\install\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2012plus-4.2.17-signed.msi'print(f'mongdb_path 路径' + mongdb_path)try:process = subprocess.Popen(['msiexec', '/i', mongdb_path])# 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值while True:if process.poll() is not None:print(mongdb_path + ' 文件执行完毕')break;except Exception as e:print(f'安装mongodb 失败 %s ' % str(e))# 安装redis
def install_redis(curr_path):print('开始安装_redis')redis_path = curr_path + '\install\Redis-x64-5.0.14.1\install_Redis.bat'print('redis_path 路径' + redis_path)runBat('redis',redis_path)# 判断服务是否存在
def service_exists(service_name):try:subprocess.check_output(['sc', 'query', service_name])return Trueexcept subprocess.CalledProcessError:return False# 安装 zookeeper，并启动zookeeper服务
def install_zookeeper(curr_path):print(f'创建zookeeper环境变量')setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_HOME', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin')setWinregKey('ZOOKEEPER_SERVICE', 'zookeeper_service')try:if service_exists('zookeeper_service'):cmdRun(['net', 'stop', 'zookeeper_service'])cmdRun(['sc', 'delete', 'zookeeper_service'])runBat('zookeeper', curr_path + r'\install\zookeeper' + r'\apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin\bin\Install.bat')cmdRun(['net', "start", 'zookeeper_service'])except Exception as e:print(u'%s' % (str(e)))def install_idea(curr_path):print(f'开始安装 idea')idea = curr_path + r'\install\ideaIU-2019.3.4\ideaIU-2019.3.4.exe'print(f'idea 路径' + idea)runExe(idea)# 执行cmd命令，如：开启服务 window服务net start zookeeper_service
def cmdRun(args):try:ret = subprocess.run(args, check=True)# ret.returncode 返回int类型，0 则执行成功ret.check_returncode()print('ret.returncode: %d' % ret.returncode)print('ret.stdout: %s' % ret.stdout)except Exception as e:print(f'运行命令 %s 发生异常' % (str(e)))def runExe(path):try:process = subprocess.Popen([path])# 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值stdout, stderr = process.communicate()# 判断程序是否正常结束if process.returncode == 0:print(f'运行' + path + '成功')return process.returncodeelse:return process.returncodeexcept Exception as e:print(f'安装'+ path+'异常：'+str(e))return -1# 设置注册表信息
def setWinregKey(regKey, path):print(f'创建 {regKey} 环境变量')# 打开注册表key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, 'Environment', 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)# 添加环境变量winreg.SetValueEx(key, regKey, 0, winreg.REG_SZ, path)winreg.FlushKey(key)winreg.CloseKey(key)# 运行批处理，name，定义批处理的名称，批处理curr_path实际的完整路径
def runBat(name, curr_path):print(name + ' 路径' + curr_path)try:process = subprocess.run([curr_path])# 等待程序结束，并获取程序的返回值process.check_returncode()print(process.stdout)# 判断程序是否正常结束if process.returncode == 0:print(f'运行完' + name)else:print(f'程序执行失败，返回值为 {process.returncode}')except Exception as e:print(f'运行bat文件%s,发生异常 %s' % (curr_path, str(e)))# Press the green button in the gutter to run the script.
if __name__ == '__main__':installServer('install')