简述
HttpURLConnection 是一个位于 java.net 包中的抽象类,它提供了基本的 URL 请求,响应等功能。HttpURLConnection 是基于 http 协议的,支持 GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 等各种请求方式。
如果使用 HTTPS 协议请求,可以使用它的子类 HttpsURLConnection 完成更安全的请求操作。
使用方式
封装工具类(包含 https 请求的方法)
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;public class HttpUtils {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);/*** 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求** @param url 发送请求的 URL* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果*/public static String sendGet(String url) {return sendGet(url, "");}/*** 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求** @param url 发送请求的 URL* @param param 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果*/public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {return sendGet(url, param, "UTF-8");}/*** 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求** @param url 发送请求的 URL* @param param 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。* @param contentType 编码类型* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果*/public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType) {StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();BufferedReader in = null;try {String urlNameString = StringUtils.isNotBlank(param) ? url + "?" + param : url;log.info("sendGet - {}", urlNameString);URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)");connection.connect();in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));String line;while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {result.append(line);}log.info("recv - {}", result);} catch (ConnectException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendGet Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} finally {try {if (in != null) {in.close();}} catch (Exception ex) {log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);}}return result.toString();}/*** 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求** @param url 发送请求的 URL* @param param 请求参数,请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果*/public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {PrintWriter out = null;BufferedReader in = null;StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();try {log.info("sendPost - {}", url);URL realUrl = new URL(url);URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)");conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());out.print(param);out.flush();in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));String line;while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {result.append(line);}log.info("recv - {}", result);} catch (ConnectException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} finally {try {if (out != null) {out.close();}if (in != null) {in.close();}} catch (IOException ex) {log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);}}return result.toString();}public static String sendSSLPost(String url, String param) {StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;try {log.info("sendSSLPost - {}", urlNameString);SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");sc.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new TrustAnyTrustManager()}, new java.security.SecureRandom());URL console = new URL(urlNameString);HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) console.openConnection();conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)");conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());conn.setHostnameVerifier(new TrustAnyHostnameVerifier());conn.connect();InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));String ret = "";while ((ret = br.readLine()) != null) {if (ret != null && !"".equals(ret.trim())) {result.append(new String(ret.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}}log.info("recv - {}", result);conn.disconnect();br.close();} catch (ConnectException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendSSLPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);}return result.toString();}private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {@Overridepublic void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {}@Overridepublic void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {}@Overridepublic X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {return new X509Certificate[]{};}}private static class TrustAnyHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {@Overridepublic boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {return true;}}
}