使用python3登陆12306网站

news/2024/5/15 1:06:36/文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26877377/article/details/79772122

一、一些用到的技术

　　1.1解析验证码（联众-收费，两分钱一个）

　　　　验证码识别设计机器学习，没有耗费时间去实现，所以采用了第三方（联众）的在线打码，注册充值便可使用，识别率挺高的，验证码识别种类不少，充了五十块玩了好久还剩不少。具体地址http://v1-http-api.jsdama.com/api.php?mod=php

　　1.2 具体实现代码,此部分负责登录的部分逻辑（__init__.py）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
import requests, json
from common.base import Base
from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning  
# 禁用安全请求警告  
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)  __author__ = 'Rachel feng'
PATH = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn'
__all__ = ['LoginTic']class LoginTic(Base):def __init__(self):super(LoginTic, self).__init__()# 验证结果  def checkYanZheng(self,solution):  # # 分割用户输入的验证码位置  # 225,83|181,31|35,67 => 225,83,181,31,35,67yanStr = solution.replace('|',',')print('校验验证码......')checkUrl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check"  data = {  'login_site':'E',           #固定的  'rand':'sjrand',            #固定的  'answer':yanStr    #验证码对应的坐标，两个为一组，跟选择顺序有关,有几个正确的，输入几个  
        } print(data)# 发送验证 cont = self.requests.post(checkUrl, data=data, verify=False)  # 返回json格式的字符串，用json模块解析  dic = cont.json()  code = dic['result_code']  # 取出验证结果，4：成功  5：验证失败  7：过期  if str(code) == '4':  return True  else:print(dic)return False  # 发送登录请求的方法  def loginTo(self, userName, pwd):yan = self.decode_captcha(url) check = False  # #只有验证成功后才能执行登录操作  # while not check:  check = self.checkYanZheng(yan)if not check:return 600, '验证失败，请重新验证'loginUrl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login"  data = {  'username':userName,  'password':pwd,  'appid':'otn'  }print(data)headers = {'Origin': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.86 Safari/537.36','Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init','Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8','Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01'}result = self.requests.post(loginUrl,data=data,headers=headers)  dic = result.json() print(dic)mes = dic['result_message']  # 结果的编码方式是Unicode编码，所以对比的时候字符串前面加u,或者mes.encode('utf-8') == '登录成功'进行判断，否则报错  if mes == u'登录成功':# 获取cookier = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/userLogin')data = {'appid': 'otn'}r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk', data=data)if r.status_code != 200:return 600, '登录验证不通过'd = r.json()if d.get('result_code') == 0:data = {'tk': d.get('newapptk')}r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient', data=data)d = r.json()print(d)if d.get('result_code') == 0:print('恭喜你，登录成功，可以购票!')return Trueelse:return 600, d.get('result')else: print(dic.get('result_message'))return 600, dic.get('result_message')def get_info(self):data = {'_json_att': ''}headers = {'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306','Origin': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.86 Safari/537.36','Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}r = self.requests.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/modifyUser/initQueryUserInfo', data=data, headers=headers)if r.status_code != 200:print('获取购票人信息异常')with open('__tmp/userInfo.html', 'wb') as f:f.write(r.content)f.close() print('获取信息成功')if __name__ == '__main__':  userName = '’ # 12306登录账号pwd = '' #12306登录密码url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand";   login = LoginTic()  d = login.loginTo(userName, pwd)if type(d) != tuple:login.get_info()else:print(d)

1.2base.py(在comment目录底下共用)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import importlib, logging, codecs, json, datetime, time
import web, requests
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from jinja2 import Template__all__ = ["cache_session"]# API_PATH = 'http://bbb4.hyslt.com/api.php?mod=php'
API_PATH = 'http://v1-http-api.jsdama.com/api.php?mod=php'
USERNAME = ''    #联众账号
PASSWORD = ''   #联众密码
TOKEN = ''class  Base(object):"""docstring for  base"""def __init__(self):self.session = requests.session()  net = requests.Session()net.timeout = 30net.headers.update({  "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36"  })retries = requests.packages.urllib3.util.retry.Retry(total=3, backoff_factor=0.1,status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 504])adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)net.mount('http://', adapter)net.mount('https://', adapter)self.requests = net# 识别def decode(self, img, codetype=1303, minlength=1, maxlength=8):"""img:      验证码图片codetype: 验证码类型（https://www.jsdati.com/price）1001: 四个字母,数字1201: 计算题1008: 纯字母验证码1009: 纯数字验证码1013: 5位字母加数字(5位纯字母）1014: 6位字母加数字（6位纯字母）1015: 7位字母加数字（7位纯字母）1313: 坐标点击3次1314: 坐标点击4次minlength: 验证码最小长度maxlength: 验证码最大长度"""data = {'user_name': USERNAME,'user_pw': PASSWORD,'zztool_token': TOKEN,'yzmtype_mark': codetype,'yzm_minlen': minlength,'yzm_maxlen': maxlength}files = {'upload': img}try:r = self.requests.post(API_PATH, params={'act':'upload'}, data=data, files=files, timeout=20)except:return 504, '连接超时'd = r.json()return d# 获取验证码图片  def decode_captcha(self, url): print('get code....') response = self.requests.get(url, verify=False)  # 把验证码图片保存到本地  with open('vcode.png','wb') as f:  f.write(response.content)  # 用pillow模块打开并解析验证码,这里是假的，自动解析以后学会了再实现  try:  content = response.contentexcept:content = Noneprint('获取验证码失败')# 识别print('decode...')d = self.decode(content)# 识别成功if type(d) is dict and d['result']:code = d['data']['val']print(code)# 保存验证码图片return codeelif type(d) is str:return d