2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> 
26. alias 别名
一条命令的另外一个名字，你可以理解为外号。
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 ^C
[root@localhost /]# alias viens0s3='vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3'
- .bashrc 针对当前用户的
[root@localhost ~]# vi .bashrc
插入alias viens0s3='vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3'
- /etc/bashrc 针对全部用户 在文件最后增加别名
27. php编译安装（上）
- 下载 解压
[root@localhost src]# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.0.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# tar jxvf php-7.3.0.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# tar jxvf php-7.3.0.tar.bz2
tar (child): bzip2: Cannot exec: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
[root@localhost src]# yum install bzip2
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.163.com* extras: mirrors.163.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 156 kB 00:01
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:bzip2 x86_64 1.0.6-13.el7 base 52 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 52 k
Installed size: 82 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 52 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionInstalling : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 1/1Verifying : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 1/1Installed:bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7Complete!
[root@localhost src]# tar jxvf php-7.3.0.tar.bz2- vi 剪切粘贴用法
vi 里面在一般模式下，按DD可以删除行（剪切），5dd（剪切五行），光标挪到要粘贴的位置，按p，操作错误后，想要撤销，可以按u,反撤销可以按ctrl r
- 编译
编译安装一个软件包的三步骤：
./configure
make
make install
./configure --preefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
- 文件安装路径
--prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm
- 配置文件安装路径
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc
- 开启fpm
--enable-fpm
- 指定用户
--with-fpm-user=php-fpm
- 指定组
--with-fpm-group=php-fpm
- 指定MYSQL路径（老版本）
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
- 指定MYSQL路径（新版本）
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
- pdomysql 也是一种mysql的连接方式
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
- 指定mysqlsock
--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock
- PHP的模块
--with-libxml-dir
--with-gd
--with-jpeg-dir
--with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir
--with-iconv-dir
--with-zlib-dir
--with-mcrypt
--enable-soap
--enable-gd-native-ttf
--enable-ftp
--enable-mbstring
--enable-exif
--with-pear
--with-curl
--with-openssl
开始编译
[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --with-mysql, --with-mcrypt, --enable-gd-native-ttf
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for cc... no
checking for gcc... no
configure: error: in `/usr/src/php-7.3.0':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
- 解决缺少GCC的错误
[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# yum install -y gcc
- 解决缺少某个软件包
查找对应的包后，一般都是安装devel的安装包
configure: error: libxml2 not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# yum list |grep libxml2
libxml2.x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 @anaconda
libxml2-python.x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 @base
libxml2.i686 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base
libxml2-devel.i686 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base
libxml2-devel.x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base
libxml2-static.i686 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base
libxml2-static.x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base
[root@localhost php-7.3.0]# yum install -y libxml2-devel.i686 libxml2-devel.x86_64
- CURL版本不匹配
checking for cURL 7.15.5 or greater... configure: error: cURL version 7.15.5 or later is required to compile php with cURL supportyum install libcurl-devel.i686 libcurl-devel.x86_64
- 缺少jpeglib
configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.yum -y install libjpeg-devel
- 缺少png.sh
configure: error: png.h not found.yum install -y libpng-devel
- 找不到freetype-config
configure: error: freetype-config not found.[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y freetype-devel.i686 freetype-devel.x86_64
- 错误的mysql library
php 7.3不支持mysql 或者 mariadb 5.6 以后的版本
configure: error: wrong mysql library version or lib not found. Check config.log for more information[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gtar xzvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql5.6改编译参数
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5.6 --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql5.6/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5.6 --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
- 找不到用户
ERROR: [pool www] cannot get uid for user ‘php-fpm’
useradd php-fpm
： 补充：
diff 查看两个文件的差异的，如 diff 1.txt 2.txt 4.28-php编译安装2 4.29-php编译安装3 4.30-编译安装Nginx
28. php编译安装（中）
29. php编译安装（下）
30. 编译安装Nginx
官网：http://nginx.org/
官方文档：http://nginx.org/en/docs/install.html
- 下载：
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
- 解压：
tar zxvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.14.2
- 编译：
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
启动：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
