NFS(Network File System)是一个网络文件系统，是Linux系统直接支持文件共享的一直文件系统，它允许网络中的计算机之间通过TCP/IP网络共享资源。在NFS的应用中，本地NFS的客户端应用可以透明地读写位于远端NFS服务器上的文件，就像访问本地文件一样。一般NFS为单击部署，而NFS服务器主要用于存放企业重要数据，此时为了能保证数据的安全可靠，需要对NFS服务器实现同步+keepalived高可用满足企业业务需求，如下为NFS+keepalived高可用架构实现步骤：

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系统环境：Centos6.9

架构：

LAP+Discuz+MYSQL+NFS+Keepalived

LAP：192.168.8.2

LAP1：192.168.8.3

MYSQL：192.168.8.5

NFS+Keepalived(主)：192.168.8.9

NFS+Keepalived(备)：192.168.8.10

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实战操作如下：

LAP端跟LAP1端，执行以下命令

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel php php-mysql php-devel nfs-utils

MYSQL端，执行以下命令

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-devel mysql-server

NFS(主)端和NFS(备)端，执行以下命令

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ wget nfs* unzip

NFS(MASTER)端

1)下载Discuz论坛包

[root@localhost ~]# wget -c http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.4/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip

2)解压论坛包

[root@localhost ~]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip

3)创建共享目录，拷贝论坛代码到共享目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/www

[root@localhost ~]# cd upload/

[root@localhost upload]# cp -a * /data/www

4)创建NFS配置文件，启动NFS服务

[root@localhost upload]# echo "/data/www *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >/etc/exports

[root@localhost upload]# cat /etc/exports

[root@localhost upload]# service rpcbind start

[root@localhost upload]# service nfs start

MYSQL端

1)启动MYSQL服务

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

2)进入MYSQL命令行终端

[root@localhost ~]# mysql

3)创建Discuz库并授权

mysql> create database discuz charset=utf8;

mysql> grant all on discuz.* to bbs@'192.168.8.2' identified by '123456';

mysql> grant all on discuz.* to bbs@'192.168.8.3' identified by '123456';

mysql> flush privileges;

LAP端

1)查看NFS服务器挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.8.9

2)挂载NFS服务器共享目录到Apache发布目录(/var/www/html)

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.9:/data/www /var/www/html

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

3)启动Apache服务

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start

4)打开浏览器访问本机IP，配置Discuz论坛

5)点击我同意，出现如下图

6)授权

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@localhost html]# chmod o+w config/ data/ uc_* -R

7)点击下一步

8)输入数据库服务器地址、数据库名、数据库用户名、数据库密码，点击下一步

论坛搭建成功~~~~

LAP1端

只需使用mount命令即可

1)挂载NFS服务器共享目录到Apache发布目录(/var/www/html)

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.9:/data/www /var/www/html

[root@localhost ~]# df –h

2)启动Apache服务

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start

3)打开浏览器访问本机IP，如下图

NFS+Keepalived(主)部署

1)安装keepalived所需要的依赖包

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel popt-devel kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt wget

2)下载keepalived软件包

wget -c http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

3)解压

tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.15

4)预编译keepalived

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64

5)编译、安装keepalived

make && make install

6)创建软连接，拷贝相应的文件

ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d

chkconfig --add keepalived

chkconfig keepalived on

mkdir /etc/keepalived

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

7)编辑keepalived(主)配置文件

编辑vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，配置内容如下

! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {notification_email {123@qq.com} notification_email_from 123@qq.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_nfs { script "/data/shell/check_nfs.sh" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 mcast_src_ip 192.168.8.9 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.8.99 } track_script { chk_nfs } }

保存退出，启动keepalived服务

[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start

NFS+Keepalived(备)部署

1)创建共享目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/www

2)拷贝NFS服务器(主)论坛代码

[root@localhost ~]# scp -r root@192.168.8.9:/data/www/* /data/www

3)创建NFS配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# echo "/data/www *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >/etc/exports

4)安装keepalived所需要的依赖包

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel popt-devel kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt wget

5)下载keepalived软件包

wget -c http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

6)解压

tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.15

7)预编译keepalived

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64

8)编译、安装keepalived

make && make install

9)创建软连接，拷贝相应的文件

ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d

chkconfig --add keepalived

chkconfig keepalived on

mkdir /etc/keepalived

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

10)编辑keepalived(主)配置文件

编辑vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，配置内容如下

! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { 123@qq.com } notification_email_from 123@qq.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_nfs { script "/data/shell/check_nfs.sh" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 mcast_src_ip 192.168.8.10 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.8.99 } track_script { chk_nfs } }

保存退出~~~

11)启动keepalived服务、NFS服务

[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start

[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start

[root@localhost ~]# service nfs start

12)LAP端跟LAP1端分别重新挂载NFS共享目录(VIP)，执行以下命令

[root@localhost ~]# umount /var/www/html

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.99:/data/www /var/www/html

13)分别访问LAP和LAP1

14)分别在NFS主和备机器上编写主备切换脚本，实现当主(备)的NFS服务宕机自动切换到备(主)机器上

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/shell

[root@localhost ~]# vim /data/shell/check_nfs.sh，脚本内容如下

#!/bin/bash#auto check nfs processNUM=`ps -ef |grep nfs|grep -v grep|grep -v check|wc -l`if[[ $NUM -eq 0 ]];then/etc/init.d/keepalived stopfi

[root@localhost ~]# chmod o+x /data/shell/check_nfs.sh

15)实验测试

正常运行，VIP在NFS主机器上，当NFS服务器宕机之后自动漂移到备机器上，如下图

16)但是打开论坛是出现403，如下图

17)需要umount /var/www/html，再执行mount -t nfs 192.168.8.99:/data/www /var/www/html，chmod o+w data/ config/ uc_* -R即可

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到此结束，谢谢支持