Flask 知识点整理

news/2024/5/5 14:29:00/文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/Krien666/article/details/130475819

文章目录

1.URL与视图的映射
- - 带参数的url：将参数固定到了path中
  - 查询字符串的方式传参
2.模板渲染
- - 给html文件传参
3.模板访问对象属性
- - User 是个类
  - User是个字典
4.过滤器的使用
- - 通过一个 | 管道符进行过滤
  - 自定义过滤器
5.控制语句
- - if
  - for
Flask连接MySQL数据库
ORM模型与表的映射
ORM模型的CRUD操作
- - create
  - query
  - update
  - delete

1.URL与视图的映射

带参数的url：将参数固定到了path中

from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/blog/<int:blog_id>')
def blog_detail(blog_id):return "访问的是:%s"% blog_id

查询字符串的方式传参

from flask import Flask ， request@app.route('/book/list')
def book_list():page = request.args.get("page",default = 1,type = int)return f"您获取的是第{page}的图书列表！"

http://127.0.0.1:5000/book/list?page=5

在这里插入图片描述

2.模板渲染

给html文件传参

from flask import Flask,render_template@app.route('/blog/<int:blog_id>')
def blog_detail(blog_id):return render_template("blog_detail.html",blog_id,username = "krien")

<body>	
<p> 您的用户名是 {{ username }}</p>
<h1>您访问的博客详情是:{{ blog_id }}</h1>
<body>

3.模板访问对象属性

User 是个类

class User:def __init__(self,username,email):self.username = usernameself.email = email@app.route('/')
def hello_world():  # put application's code hereuser = User(username = "krien", email = "xx@qq.com")return render_template('index.html',user = user)

<body>	{{ user.username }} / {{ user.email }}<body>

User是个字典

from flask import Flask,render_template ,requestapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/')
def hello_world():  # put application's code hereuser = User(username = "krien", email = "xx@qq.com")person = {"username":"张三","email":"zhangsan@163.com"}return render_template('index.html',user = user,person = person)

<body>	<div> {{ user.username }} / {{ user.email }} </div>
<div> {{ person.username}} / {{ person.email }} </div><body>

4.过滤器的使用

通过一个 | 管道符进行过滤

from flask import Flask,render_template ,requestfrom flask import Flask,render_template ,request@app.route('/filter')
def filter_demo():  # put application's code hereuser = User(username = "krien", email = "xx@qq.com")return render_template('filter.html',user = user)

<body>	
{{ user.username }}-{{ user.username|length }}
<body>

自定义过滤器

过滤器本质上是一个 Python 函数，他会把过滤的值当作第一个参数传给这个函数，函数经过一些逻辑处理后，在返回新的值。在过滤器函数写好之后，可以通过@app.template_filter装饰器或者是 app.add_template_filter 函数来把函数注册成Jinjia2 能用的过滤器

from flask import Flask,render_template ,request
from datetime import datetimeapp = Flask(__name__)def datetime_format(value,format = "%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M"):return value,strftime(format)app.add_template_filter(datetime_format,"dformat")@app.route('/filter')
def filter_demo():  # put application's code hereuser = User(username = "krien", email = "xx@qq.com")mytime = date_time.now()return render_template('filter.html',user = user,mytime = mytime)

<body>	
{{ user.username }}-{{ user.username|length }}
<div> {{mytime|dformat}} </div>
<body>

5.控制语句

if

@app.route("/control")
def control_statement():age = 17return render_template("control.html",age=age)

<body>	
{{% if age>18 %}}<div>您已经满18，可以进入网吧</div>
{{% elif age==18 %}}<div>您刚满18，需要父母陪同</div>
{{% else %}}<div>您未满18，不能进去</div>
{{% endif %}}
<body>

for

{{% for book in books %}}<div>图书名称：{{ book.name }},图书作者：{{ book.auther }}</div>
{{% endfor %}}

Flask连接MySQL数据库

from sqlalchemy import textapp = Flask(__name__)HOSTNAME = 'localhost'PORT = 3306USERNAME = "root"PASSWORD = "123456"DATABASE = "database_learn"app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f"mysql+pymysql://{USERNAME}:{PASSWORD}@{HOSTNAME}/{DATABASE}"db = SQLAlchemy(app)with app.app_context():with db.engine.connect() as conn:rs = conn.execute(text("select 1"))print(rs.fetchone())

ORM模型与表的映射

class User(db.Model):__tablename__ = 'user'id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key = True,autoincrement = True)username = db.Column(db.String(100),nullable = False)password = db.Column(db.String(100),nullable = False)with app.app_context():db.create_all()

ORM模型的CRUD操作

create

	@app.route('/user/add')
def add_user():user = User(username="krien",password = '123456')user1 = User(username='ddd',password = '121212')db.session.add(user)db.session.commit()return "用户创建成功"

query

	@app.route('/user/query')
def query_user():# 1.getuser = User.query.get(1)print(f"{user.id}:{user.username}-{user.password}")# 2.filter_by 查找return "数据查找成功"

update

@app.route('/user/update')
def update_user():user = User.query.filter_by(username = "krien").first()user.password = '222222'db.session.commit()return "数据更新成功"

delete

@app.route('/user/delete')
def delete_user():user = User.query.get(2)db.session.delete(user)db.session.commit()return "数据删除成功"

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