数据库：Centos7安装解压版mysql5.7图文教程，亲测成功

1、卸载Centos7默认自带的mariadb数据库，避免冲突

2、下载解压版mysql并安装

3、配置mysql

4、mysql客户端访问

Centos7安装mysql5.7解压版完整教程避免踩坑，可以把数据目录和系统目录分开设置。

1、卸载Centos7默认自带的mariadb数据库，避免冲突

#先查询是否安装，找到已安装的对应mariadb，
yum list installed |grep mariadb
#列表展示的是mariadb-libs.x86_64 ，执行如下命令进行安装
yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

2、下载解压版mysql并安装

下载mysql5.7解压版，我下载的版本mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)

#创建MySQL上传目录
mkdir /opt/tools
#然后登录Linux服务器，将下载好的安装包上传到服务器的/opt/tools目录。执行解压命令
cd /opt/tools
tar -zxf /data/tools/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
#解压后的目录改名
mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
#移动mysql到 /usr/local/mysql
mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
#创建用户组和用户 mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#目录授权
chgrp -R mysql .
chown -R mysql .
#创建MySQL存储数据的目录
mkdir /data/mysql/data
mkdir /data/mysql/share
进入bin目录执行初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --lc_messages_dir=/data/mysql/share --lc_messages=en_US

注意：执行完成后输出的内容最后一行是数据库root的密码，一定要先保存下来

进入support-files,修改mysql.server

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind# MySQL daemon start/stop script.# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
#   [mysqld]
#   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
#   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
#   below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.basedir=
datadir=/data/mysql/data# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start. 
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. 
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
thenbasedir=/usr/local/mysqlbindir=/usr/local/mysql/binif test -z "$datadir"thendatadir=/data/mysql/datafisbindir=/usr/local/mysql/binlibexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
elsebindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir"thendatadir="/data/mysql/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then. $lsb_functions
elselog_success_msg(){echo " SUCCESS! $@"}log_failure_msg(){echo " ERROR! $@"}
fiPATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATHmode=$1    # start or stop[ $# -ge 1 ] && shiftother_args="$*"   # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action# Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"# They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility# of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
    *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
    *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
    *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\c' ;;
esacparse_server_arguments() {for arg docase "$arg" in
      --basedir=*)  basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`bindir="$basedir/bin"if test -z "$datadir_set"; thendatadir="$basedir/data"fisbindir="$basedir/sbin"libexecdir="$basedir/libexec";;
      --datadir=*)  datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`datadir_set=1
;;
      --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;esacdone
}wait_for_pid () {verb="$1"           # created | removedpid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-filepid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.i=0avoid_race_condition="by checking again"while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; docase "$verb" in'created')# wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break;;'removed')# wait for this PID-file to disappeartest ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break;;
      *)echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"exit 1;;esac# if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updatedif test -n "$pid"; thenif kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then:  # the server still runselse# The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.  if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; thenavoid_race_condition=""continue  # Check again.fi# there's nothing that will affect the file.
        log_failure_msg "555555The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."return 1  # not waiting any more.fifiecho $echo_n ".$echo_c"i=`expr $i + 1`sleep 1doneif test -z "$i" ; then
    log_success_msgreturn 0else
    log_failure_msgreturn 1fi
}# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults";  thenprint_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
else# Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnfconf=/etc/my.cnfprint_defaults=if test -r $confthensubpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`for d in $dirsdod=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'`if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"thenprint_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"breakfidonefi# Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt ittest -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'.   If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
thenextra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
fiparse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
thenmysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
elsecase "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
    /* ) ;;
    * )  mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;esac
ficase "$mode" in'start')# Start daemon# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)cd $basedir# 重启sqlecho $echo_n "Starting MySQL"if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safethen# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script# may be overwritten at next upgrade.$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
      wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?# Make lock for RedHat / SuSEif test -w "$lockdir"thentouch "$lock_file_path"fiexit $return_valueelse
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"fi;;'stop')# Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the# root password.if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"then# signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stoptouch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)thenecho $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"kill $mysqld_pid# mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
        wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"fi# Delete lock for RedHat / SuSEif test -f "$lock_file_path"thenrm -f "$lock_file_path"fiexit $return_valueelse
      log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"fi;;'restart')# Stop the service and regardless of whether it was# running or not, start it again.if $0 stop  $other_args; then$0 start $other_argselse
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."exit 1fi;;'reload'|'force-reload')if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; thenread mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"exit 1fi;;'status')# First, check to see if pid file existsif test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then 
        log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"exit 0else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"exit 1fielse# Try to find appropriate mysqld processmysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`# test if multiple pids existpid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"exit 5elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then 
          log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"exit 2fi 
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"exit 3else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"exit 4fifi;;
    *)# usagebasename=`basename "$0"`echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]"exit 1;;
esacexit 0

注意：修改mysql.server 文件里面数据目录为 /data/mysql/data/ 一定要正确设置

#复制mysql启动文件到服务文件夹
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
#通过服务命令启动mysql
service mysql start
#输出 success 表示启动成功
#设置开机自启
/sbin/chkconfig mysql on
systemctl enable mysql
#查看自启动配置
/sbin/chkconfig --list

技巧：添加 mysql 软连接，方面在任何目录执行MySQL命令

 ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

说明：如果需要额外配置参数,默认没有/etc/my.cnf 文件内容如下

vim /etc/my.cnf

比如需要新增大小写不敏感配置,其余配置可根据业务需要进行配置

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names = 1
然后保存后重启mysql服务

service mysql stop
service mysql start

3、配置mysql

mysql -u root -p
#输入初始化的密码
#修改密码
set password=password(“12345678”);
#设置任意IP都能通过root用户访问该数据库
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678' WITH GRANT OPTION;
#刷新权限
flush privileges;
#重启mysql
service mysql restart
#设置防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent 
systemctl restart firewalld