1.原文
2. 参考译文
3. New words and expressions
★competition n. 比赛,竞赛(暗地里的竞争)
- race n. 比赛,竞赛 car race
- match n. 比赛 football match
- contest n. 比赛(更广泛)
- baby contest 宝宝大赛;beauty contest 选美
- game : 游戏, 运动
★neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的,井井有条
- clean adj. 干净的 neat=tidy <adj.>
tidy <v.> (up) the room 整理房间
★pool n. 水池(人工的)
- swimming pool 游泳池 pond 池塘(天然的)《golden pond》—金色池塘
4. 课文讲解
- 1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.=Joe’s garden is the most beautiful.
Bill’s garden is the largest.
Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s. (比较的东西都是同类的事物 joe’s 的“’s”不能省略) - 2、Nearly everybody enters for ‘The Nicest Garden Competition’ each year, but Joe wins every time.
nearly和almost意义相似,表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。I have nearly forgotten his name.
enter for 报名参加(各种竞赛,考试等活动)
win(won,won) v. 赢
① vi. 赢I win. /I lose. (输了)
② vt. 赢得……win something 后面往往是奖品,不能接对手I win the book.
win a prize 赢了奖win a prize for…因为……而获奖
defeat+对手 I defeat you. - 3、Bill Frith’s garden is larger than Joe’s.
名词加-’s表示所属关系,构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西,特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词,限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略,只要不引起误解。 - 4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
make和build在这里是同义词,“修建,建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛,可解释为“做、作出、制造”等,而build主要限于建筑业,指“建造,建设,盖房子,修筑(桥梁)等” Have you made the skirt by yourself? They have made a road along the river.
5. Key structures
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型,最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。
1、比较级和最高级的构成:
① 单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er,-est,以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i,再加-er,-est
② 以-e结尾的词加-r,-st
③ 以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,再加-er,-est
④ 三个或者是三个音节以上(多音节)
比较级的构成 : more+原级
最高级的构成 : the most+原级
有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er,-est,也可与more/less和most/least连用,如narrow,clever,common,pleasant等。
clever— cleverer— more clever
fun adj. 快乐 more fun (美国人用)
⑤ 有些构成是不规则的:
good/well(better best);bad/ill(worse worst);many/much(more most);little(less least);
far(farther further , farthest furthest)
(farther:距离上远和更远further:程度上更进一步)
further more(更有甚者)
old(older elder, oldest eldest)
older 比……大 She is older than somebody
elder 做定语修饰其他名词elder sister (年长的)姐姐
2、比较级和最高级的用法
在使用比较级时,如果需要把所比较的两项都提到,那么就必须比较级后用than:
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
如果比较级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在:
Which house do you prefer?I prefer the older one.
最高级的限定范围一般用of,among,in等介词短语;限定范围也可以是从句;如果范围很清楚,则可以省略。John is the tallest of the three brother.
Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.
6. Special Difficulties
every构成的合成词
every和one,body,thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone,everybody,everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用,后面的代词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,但它们本身均被视为单数。
Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.
=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自己必须做什么。
Everything is going well. 一切都很顺利。
each和every均可译为“每一个”,两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性,强调整体,常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目,不能直接做主语;each既可作形容词,又可作代词,强调个体,常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目,在作代词时,直接作主语或宾语,使用第三人称单数
Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.
Enter and Enter for
enter① vt.&vi. 进入enter+地点名词
Always knock on the door before you enter.
② vt.&vi. 参加,加入
We’ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。He soon entered their conversation.
enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 报名参加, 强调报名 enter for the exam
She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参加数学竞赛。
take part in 真正的参加
2 Will you enter for this week’s crossword competition? crossward 文字游戏
3 Many athletes have entered for the Olympic Games this year.