现在有一个json格式的字符串,应该怎么解析呢,这里总结了以下4种方法
1. json.Unmarshal
函数func json.Unmarshal(data []byte, v any) error
就是用来解析json编码的data,然后将结果保存在指针v指向的值里
e.g.
package mainimport ("encoding/json""fmt"
)type user struct {Name stringMarried boolAddress struct {City stringCountry string}
}func main() {user1 := `{"name": "tian","married": false,"address": {"city": "beijing","country": "China"}}`user1Struct := &user{}json.Unmarshal([]byte(user1), user1Struct)fmt.Printf("解码后的结果为:%v", *user1Struct)
}
- 首先根据json数据的格式定义
struct
,用来保存解码后的值。这里首先定义了一个user结构体,然后通过json.Unmarshal
进行解码 - 缺点很明显,如果json数据很复杂,自定义的struct就跟着复杂。
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\unmarshal> go run .\main.go
解码后的结果为:{tian false {beijing China}}
2. viper.ReadConfig
使用go get -u github.com/spf13/viper
进行下载
函数func viper.ReadConfig(in io.Reader) error
用于从in中读取数据并解析
e.g.
package mainimport ("fmt""strings""github.com/spf13/viper"
)func main() {user1 := `{"name": "tian","married": false,"address": {"city": "beijing","country": "China"}}`// 指定配置的类型为jsonviper.SetConfigType("json")// 读取数据if err := viper.ReadConfig(strings.NewReader(user1)); err != nil {fmt.Println(err)}fmt.Printf("数据的所有键值: %v\n", viper.AllKeys())fmt.Printf("解析后的数据:%v\n", viper.AllSettings())fmt.Printf("the type of \"married\" is %s\n", reflect.TypeOf(viper.Get("married")))fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the country is %s\n", viper.Get("name"), viper.Get("address.country"))
}
- 首先要通过
viper.SetConfigType("json")
指定要解析数据的格式,否则即使viper.ReadConfig
返回值没有报错,也得不到解析后的结果。可以查看https://github.com/spf13/viper/issues/316 - 方法
viper.Get(),viper.GetString(),viper.GetBool()
等等可以方便获取键值,同时对于键值的类型也能很好的判断
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\viper> go run .\main.go
数据的所有键值: [address.city address.country name married]
解析后的数据:map[address:map[city:beijing country:China] married:false name:tian]
the type of "married" is bool
The name is tian and the country is China
3. simplejson.NewJson
使用go get -u "github.com/bitly/go-simplejson"
进行下载
e.g.
package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/bitly/go-simplejson"
)func main() {user1 := `{"name": "tian","married": false,"address": {"city": "beijing","country": "China"}}`user1json, err := simplejson.NewJson([]byte(user1))if err != nil {fmt.Println(err)}name1, _ := user1json.Get("name").String()city1, _ := user1json.Get("address").Get("city").String()fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the city is %s", name1, city1)
}
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\simpleJson> go run .\main.go
The name is tian and the city is beijing
4. gojsonq.New().FromString()
使用go get -u github.com/thedevsaddam/gojsonq
安装
e.g.
package mainimport ("fmt""github.com/thedevsaddam/gojsonq/v2"
)func main() {user1 := `{"name": "tian","married": false,"address": {"city": "beijing","country": "China"}}`user1json := gojsonq.New().FromString(user1)name1 := user1json.Find("name").(string)user1json.Reset()city1 := user1json.Find("address.city")fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the city is %v", name1, city1)
}
- 在第一次查询name之后,手动调用了一次
Reset()
方法。因为JSONQ对象在调用Find
方法时,内部会记录当前的节点,下一个查询会从上次查找的节点开始
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\gojsonq> go run .\main.go
The name is tian and the city is beijing